Questions On Breast Cancer Progression Essay - 1213 Words

Discussion: Breast cancers mostly invade into adjacent regions and metastasize to lymph nodes and distant organs. To develop novel treatments strategies, it is essential to address factors underlying tumorgenesis, invasion and metastasis. In this study, we identified Bmi-1, S100A4 and claudin-1 as important players in breast cancer progression. The current study illustrated the expression of these markers in primary breast cancer tissues, followed by demonstrating the association between their expressions and clinicopathological features and finally addressed their role in breast cancer prognosis. Regarding Bmi-1, in our study it was expressed in 58% of breast cancer cases; nearby results were reported by other investigators in their immunohistochemical studies (Kim et al., 2004; Choi et al., 2009; Guo et al., 2011; Wang et al., 2012). Moreover, there was a significant association between Bmi-1 expression and histopathological type, tumor grade, lymphovascular invasion, nodal metastasis, distant metastasis and tumor stage. These results confirm the intimate relation between Bmi-1 and breast cancer progression leading to aggressive behavior. These correlations are similar to results observed by Guo et al., 2011; Zhang et al., 2010; Wang et al., 2012). Guo et al.,2011 observed that over 90% of the late-stage cases (stages III/IV) showed high Bmi-1 expression, whereas less than 50% of the early-stage cases (stages I/II) showed high expression. Moreover, they found that 67.1% ofShow MoreRelatedThe Treatment Of Breast Cancer1134 Words   |  5 PagesBreast cancer affects so many w omen around the world. Even with the technology and medicine we have today to treat this deadly disease, the pain a patient experiences with breast cancer is still relentless. Pain comes from either progression of the disease or a side effect from treatment. In this article they talk about the role of the WHO’s three step analgesic ladder and how the administration of opioids for breast cancer patients experiencing pain effect ones psychological state and their qualityRead MoreBreast Cancer Patients Treated With Endocrine Therapy1592 Words   |  7 PagesWhen it is assumed that 40 % of breast cancer patients treated with endocrine therapy are resistant to this therapy it becomes a problem within the health world, because that such a larger number of patients are not being cured from this treatment. Researchers have studied the Cyclin D1 (CCND1) amplification for being the possible cause for tamoxifen resistance. Cyclin D1 is found within 10-20% of breast cancer patients maki ng it a prime suspect too why patients are becoming resistant to treatmentRead MoreCp55 Case Study1225 Words   |  5 Pagesa marker of malignancy risk, prognosis and therapy outcome CEP55 has been identified in the prognostic signature for multiple cancers as demonstrated in Table 1 (have to insert the table). Carter et al. have shown that CEP55 is part of the top 70 genes identified as responsible for CIN (CIN70 signature) from analysis involving 12 cancer types such as lung, breast, glioma, memedulloblastoma, mesothelioma and lymphoma [276]. CIN70 along with its subset CIN25 significantly correlate with clinicalRead MoreQualitative Research Critique II 2843 Words   |  4 PagesMBSR training for women with breast cancer. They did six meta-analyses that examined people’s psychological distress (Rouleau, Garland, Carlson, 2015, pg. 121). During this study, there were questions asked to the participants. The authors ensured that the questions were open ended and in a non-directive manner. It allowed the participants to be able to speak freely about their experiences (Schellenkens Jansen, 2015, pg. 1814). This article gave one question that the authors, SchellenkensRead MoreThe Effects Of Genetic Mutations On Dna Repair Systems And Mutations883 Words   |  4 PagesSeveral decades of cancer research have identified thousands of mutation causing carcinogens, genetic mutations in DNA repair systems and mutations that cause dysregulation in critical signal pathways involved in cell cycle progression, cell growth and programmed cell death. Human cancers cannot be classified as a single disease because they are each unique on the molecular level. Often the same documented cancer type can inflict two patients with similar symptoms, but the required treatment forRead MoreResearch On Cancer And Psychology1610 Words    |  7 PagesQinyue Ban Prof. Scala WRI 102 14 Nov. 2014 Cancer and Psychology The common argue which in medical area is the scientist’s keen to research about the relationship between the cancer and psychology. Cancer is comment disease, also as known as malignant tumors, has become a threat to human health and life of common disease, even become a major case of human death. Cancer occurred for any age, race, and gender. The reason and the result of the cancer are different because of the diverse of populationRead MoreSymptoms And Treatment Of Cancer Essay1214 Words   |  5 PagesCancer remains a major disease in the United States and causes a burden not just to individuals but also to the society in general. It was estimated more than 1.6 million new cases will be diagnosed in the United States in 2016, and approximately 600,000 patients will succumb to cancer1. Through the effort of screening (mammography for breast cancer, colonoscopy for colon cancer, to name a few) some cancers can now be detected early on when local resection is still feasibl e. However, many cancersRead MoreThe Importance Of Detection Of Breast Cancer Cells1211 Words   |  5 PagesBreast cancer is the most common cause of cancer-related death in women and it is estimated that in 2017, 5000 women will die of this disease in Canada2. The main reason for death is due to metastases in other organs and circulating tumour cells (CTCs) may be the main cause of metastatic lesions1. CTCs detach from the primary tumour and travel through blood or lymphatic vessels to form a secondary tumour1. The purpose of the 2016 preliminary study was to determine if CTCs can be detected in the bloodRead MoreHow Metastasis Is An Complex Process1570 Words   |  7 PagesMetastasis is an extraordinarily complex process. A sequence of steps is executed by a cancer cell to successfully form distant colonies at a secondary site. Typically, cancer cells escape from the primary tumour, break through basement membrane and invade surrounding tissues, encounter the circulatory syste m and/or lymphatics and travel to distant sites. Finally, they are arrested in small capillaries while being able to grow and form new tumours.[1] Tumour cells acting through this multistep metastaticRead MoreWhat Is The Cost Effectiveness Of Infliximab1619 Words   |  7 PagesSeven articles were finally evaluated in accordance with PRISMA guidelines. All of these papers found explaining the research question and the economic evaluation explicitly. Ron Goeree et al., studied cost-effectiveness of secukinumab 150 mg and 300 mg compared to subcutaneous biologics adalimumab, certolizumab pegol, etanercept, golimumab, and ustekinumab, and intravenous biologics infliximab and infliximab biosimilar in biologic-naive and biologic-experienced patients over a lifetime horizon

The Equal Protection Clause Of The Fourteenth Amendment

The equal protection clause of the Fourteenth Amendment to the Constitution was at first created to protect against racial discrimination, but the Supreme Court later expanded the clause to also providing equal treatment amongst different races. The clause says, â€Å"No state shall†¦deny to any person within its jurisdiction the equal protection of the laws† (U.S. Constitution. Art./Amend. XIV, Sec. 1.) A person could not be discriminated upon solely because of his or her race and if the law treated a group of people differently, then a valid reason for the discrepancy of different treatment must exist. Racial minorities, but mainly women, have historically been subjected and made vulnerable to harsh restrictions on activities such as voting, attending college, and working as lawyers. These restrictions, based on stereotypes overlooked the actual capability and potential of each individual woman. For many cases dealing with discrimination of women, the Court looked to an other important element of equal protection, which stated that unfair treatment couldn’t be based on immutable distinctions, such as race and gender, because those fixed distinctions are uncontrollable and unrelated to ability. In the case of Frontiero v. Richardson, 411 U.S. 677 (1973), the Supreme Court was just one vote short of adopting gender as a suspect classification. In United States v. Virginia, 518 U.S. 515 (1996), women rights supporters were very pleased with the Supreme Court’s ruling and remainShow MoreRelatedThe Equal Protection Clause Of The Fourteenth Amendment976 Words   |  4 Pagesthe University of Texas with the claim that the University had violated the Equal Protection Clause of the 13th Amendment. The main question that arose in the question was, â€Å"does the Equal Protection Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment permit the consideration of race in undergraduate admissions decisions†. The overall decision of the Supreme Court was that the University of Texas hadn’t violated the Equal Protection Clause, and in fact that they were permitted to consider race in the admissions processRead MoreThe Equal Protection Clause From The Fourteenth Amendment1137 Words   |  5 PagesThe Equal Protection Clause derives from the Fourteenth Amendment, which specifies â€Å"no state shall deny to any person within its jurisdiction the equal protection of the laws†¦Ã¢â‚¬  As a part of the Reconstruction Amendments, the aforementioned clause was meant to ensure racial equality in the Reconstruction Period and has been applied successfully against the affirmative action. Introduced in United States v. Carolene Products Co., the strict scrutiny has been applied to the cases, in which a fundamentalRead MoreA Closer Look At The Fourteenth Amendment s Equal Protection Clause2421 Words   |  10 PagesMarkus Allard Professor Anne Redding Administrative Justice 245 20 November 2016 A Closer Look At The Fourteenth Amendment’s Equal Protection Clause Our 14th amendment is perhaps the most important amendment because it helps defend some of our fundamental rights. This amendment extends the due process procedure to all citizens when trying to deprive them of life, liberty, or property. The amendment also ensures that everyone born in the United States or naturalized is guaranteed citizenship. ThisRead MoreThe Fourteenth And Fourteenth Amendment1018 Words   |  5 PagesThe Thirteenth and Fourteenth Amendment Want to learn how everyone is equal? On May 17, 1954 the United States Supreme Court came to a decision that had immediate repercussions on the lives of black and white American citizens. Historic moment experiences have continually characterized these people into distinct racial and social entities. The thirteenth and fourteenth amendment had a positive affect on the problem of racism and segregation.The thirteenth amendment was created to abolishRead MoreThe Road Brown V. Board Of Education Of Topeka ( 347 U.s.1455 Words   |  6 PagesHistorical Setting The road to Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka (347 U.S. 74 (1954)), is littered with many Supreme Court cases that have battled for equality in education. The Fourteenth Amendment strengthened the legal rights of newly slaves and became the stomping ground for many Supreme Court decisions. There were six separate cases concerning the issue of segregation in public schools that was heard and consolidated into the one case named Brown v. Board of Education. The cases includedRead MoreThe Constitution Of The United States1552 Words   |  7 Pagescountry for over 200 years. The Bill of Rights, also known has the first Ten Amendments of the Constitution, has protected the unalienable rights of citizens in the United State. Selective incorporation was used in order to nationalize the Bill of Rights and protect the immunities, rights, and privileges of all United States citizens within the states. The success of Selective Incorporation, along with the 14th Amendment, ensured that states could not put in place any laws that took away the constitutionalRead More 14th Amendment -EQUAL PROTECTION UNDER THE LAW Essay939 Words   |  4 Pages EQUAL PROTECTION UNDER THE LAW In school especially, as well as throughout our daily lives, we learn in America to live by the idea of freedom and equality for all. We do not allow race, class, or creed to determine a person’s stature in the community. It may seem as if this is the standard of society, but these ideas of equality have been fought over since the beginning of written history, and even in America today, prejudice still exists. To address these and similar problems, the founding fathersRead MoreThe Rights Of State Governments And The Federal Government1442 Words   |  6 Pages1868, the Fourteenth Amendment was ratified stating â€Å"All persons born or naturalized in the United States, and subject to the jurisdiction thereof, are citizens of the United States and of the State wherein they reside. No state shall make or enforce any law which shall abridge the privileges or immunities of citizens of the United States; nor shall any State deprive any person of life, liberty, or property, withou t due process of law; nor deny to any person within its jurisdiction the equal protectionRead MoreEssay on Affirmative Action1018 Words   |  5 Pagesconsideration. The Fourteenth Amendment states that no person in the United States shall, on the ground of race, color, or national origin, be excluded from participation in, be denied the benefits of, or be subjected to discrimination under any program or activity receiving Federal financial assistance. As a result, Affirmative action is not consistent with the Fourteenth Amendment. In this essay, I will first discuss the violation of Affirmative Action against the Fourteenth Amendment. Second, how AffirmativeRead MoreLoving V. Virginia, Introduction, Facts, Legal Background1567 Words   |  7 PagesLoving v. Virginia Interracial marriage: Respecting the Equal Protection and Due Process Clauses of the Fourteenth Amendment. I. INTRODUCTION This case note will examine the 1967 landmark Supreme Court case of Loving v. Virginia. The Loving v. Virginia case touched on constitutional principles including equality, federalism, and liberty. Just over 30 years ago, it was a crime for interracial couples in Virginia to marry, or to live as husband and wife. Prior to the 1967 case of Loving v. Virginia

Mythological Aspects of the Aeneid Free Essays

â€Å"Compare and contrast the mythological aspects of the Aeneid with those found in the Greek Iliad and Odyssey. Do you think Aeneas is more of a hero than either Achilles or Odysseus? Explain your answer. † In order to properly compare and contrast the mythological aspects of Aeneid with Iliad and Odyssey, the authors must first be examined as their writing style and personal history influences their stories. We will write a custom essay sample on Mythological Aspects of the Aeneid or any similar topic only for you Order Now Homer, the author of Iliad and Odyssey, was both a poet and an entertainer, and is revered as one of the greatest Greek authors who lived.He was spontaneous and easily captivated his audiences with his stories of Greek gods and heroes, although he was a man of humble decent with no political aim to his poetry. His works were originally presented orally and later dictated. (Powell, 2009). Aeneid was written by Vergil, a well educated son of a farmer â€Å"steeped in written Greek poetry and philosophy and in personal contact with the most powerful men in the world. † (Powell, 2009).Vergil lived between 70 – 19 BC, many years after Homer, and was obviously inspired by Homer’s Odyssey and Iliad to write Aeneid. Unlike Greek culture and religion surrounding Homer’s mythology, the Romans accepted their myths with the same propriety as their history, serving political as well as moral purposes. (Powell, 2009). At first glance, one might see the significant influence that Homer’s works had on Vergil’s Aeneid, and even fail to see much difference between them.Both authors have taken stories of the gods’ influences on men and the earth, incorporated values such as â€Å"honor and destiny† (Powell, 2009), and the timeframe for which they were written are also similar, even though the two authors lived many years apart. However, the difference seems most significant how the authors’ characters are portrayed and the underlying meaning of the stories themselves. As mentioned above, Vergil’s work had more to do with a political and moral agenda than that of entertainment.Unlike Homer’s characters who act and express emotion and truly are who they pretend to be, Vergil’s Aeneid was intended to represent more than this. â€Å"Characters and events in Vergil’s myths have various levels of meaning; they stand for more than meets the eye. † (Powell, 2009). Vergil had a political agenda with this work, which was to satisfy Rome’s need for the world to depict Roman conquest and Augustus’ regime as superior. (Powell, 2009). So the reflection of these stories’ emotional impact is quite different when seen for what they are.Homer’s works were for entertainment and of Greek cultural and religious influence, relating to his people’s history. Vergil’s Aeneid was written as propaganda, and stem from Greek mythological influence on the Italians. I find that Vergil’s work has a darker, more serious undertone when recognizing that he was not just writing about mythological characters, but rather the current regime and future of the world.References: Powell, B. P. (2009). Classical Myth 6th Edition. New York: Pearson Inc. How to cite Mythological Aspects of the Aeneid, Papers

Evaluation Of Audit Independence Threats

Question: Discuss about the Evaluation Of Audit Independence Threats. Answer: Introduction Auditors independent is a very important factor to be considered during an audit practice or process. Auditing as a practice in the business sector is one of the most valued services ensuring growth of any business institution like the one in the case study given. For any audit exercise to succeed auditors must be allowed with an opportunity to operate on their own will. Audit independence has therefore been distinguished by many researchers and scholars as the opportunity of an auditor to operate on his or her own will without any factor limiting his or her audit judgment. Apart from the researcher the ISB has defined audit independence as the ability of an auditor to operate freely without any factors on their way which can prevent them from being impartial, sensible and reasonably upright while conducting an audit review. The content of the paper therefore evaluates various threats to audit independence and other issues surrounding audit independence in relation to the two provide d case studies. Threats to audit independence Cover up for a client Audit independence being a very important factor while conducting an audit, it can sometimes be vulnerable to various factors such as covering or backing up the client firm by an auditor. As revealed within the conversation with Michael it is evident that the audit independence will be vulnerable based on the prevailing relationships. Michael from the conversation is likely to cover up for the father who is the top staff officer in charge of all the client firm records. In case of mistakes or misquotations, Michael is likely to cover up for the father leading to inappropriate audit judgment (Blay and Geiger 2013). This kind of threat also occurs when the client firm acts as a patron to the client firm. As revealed within the first conversation the management of the client firm wants chief auditor of the CJ audit to represent them through speech during an event. In such situations audit independence is likely not to apply as auditors operate without their will but that of the client. Self interest threat From the conversation in the situation one in the case study one, the audit independence is likely to be affected by a threat known as self interest threats. The client firm is planning on taking two of the top most officials in the CJ audit firm out. This kind of threat occurs when an auditor accepts a token from the client. The LTH Company which is the client firm is revealed to have a plan of taking the two officials to a 14 day occasion to Greek Isles covering every one of the costs. In such a circumstance the organization won't be reasonable to be the inspecting organization since the acknowledgment of blessings may prompt dishonorable examining (Cannon and Bedard 2016). In such circumstances where the head of review group has been given token, they tend to audit the organization budgetary records with a considerable measure of self enthusiasm covering botches. In this case the auditors will probably work hard to return a favor back to the client firm leading in valid audits. Safeguards to audit independence threats Even though the audit independence can be affected by various factors as the once mentioned above, the CJ as a firm can still put in place various steps in order to manage their independence. These factors which can be put in place for the management of audit independence are known as the safeguards to audit independence. Some of the safeguards which can be employed by the CJ audit firm include: Audit shifts According to the prevailing situations in the case study revealed through the conversations, one of the safeguards that can be employed is the audit turns. This can be employed to eradicate threats which may be within the firm such as familiarity and issue relating to trust. The issue of Michael and Annette as per the case study can be controlled and prevented through application of audit shifts. Annette has developed trust with client firm and mentioned that there will be no need for maximum audits in the taxation records since they had just conclude audits on the same months ago (Cohen et.al 2014). In such like circumstances the audit independence no longer apply since her audit judgments have been influenced by trust and familiarity. Michael on the other hand s likely to cover for his father during the audits as the father is the one recording and analysis financial records within the client firm. The relationship between him and the dad can be avoided during auditing when auditin g shift is introduced. Observation of audit rules and ethics Most of the threats highlighted and discussed above can be prevented with proper observation of the norms. The audit rules and ethics always cover for the audit independence. The issue of forcing the audit firm to give speech on the behalf of the client firm can be avoided with observations of rules set for auditors (DeFond and Zhang 2014). Operational risks Company in the case study two is involved with the sales of machinery and machinery spare parts, most of services are therefore operational. The firm also offers a periodic warranty for their clients the process in which mechanics from various organizations are hired to offer maintenances services which require transport as well as other costs (Dhaliwal et.al 2015). Transport risks The organization in the study offers services and sales to customers who operates locally thereby locate in the remote areas. The company offer transportation services to their customers as after sale services therefore increased cost (Quick and Warming 2015). The company also offers maintenance for their clients who are remotely located as already mentioned leading to more expenditure thereby reduced speculated profit margin. Inherent risk From the case the most audit risk to be noticed during the 2015 audits in the inherent risks which occur at the audit report level. Inherent risks occurs as a result of misquotes of figures during sales or maintenance services (Quick and Warming 2015). Most of the operations are conducted by external mechanics who may misquotes figures during their operation such accommodation cost among as other costs incurred. Accounts likely to be affected by the 2015 audits The company mostly operates with the payable accounts where they are involves with payments where they pay for the purchased stock from various manufactures. They also pay for labor which in most cases the company involves external workers. There the accounts likely to be effected are the payable accounts which may suffer from misquotes (Quick and Warming 2015). The most likely to be affected are purchases and salary and wages accounts. References Blay, A.D. and Geiger, M.A., 2013. Auditor fees and auditor independence: Evidence from going concern reporting decisions. Contemporary Accounting Research, 30(2), pp.579-606. Cannon, N. and Bedard, J.C., 2016. Auditing challenging fair value measurements: Evidence from the field. The Accounting Review. Cohen, J.R., Krishnamoorthy, G. and Wright, A., 2014. Enterprise risk management and the financial reporting process: The experiences of audit committee members, CFOs, and external auditors. DeFond, M. and Zhang, J., 2014. A review of archival auditing research. Journal of Accounting and Economics, 58(2), pp.275-326. Dhaliwal, D.S., Lamoreaux, P.T., Lennox, C.S. and Mauler, L.M., 2015. Management Influence on Auditor Selection and Subsequent Impairments of Auditor Independence during the Post?SOX Period. Contemporary Accounting Research, 32(2), pp.575-607. Quick, R. and Warming?Rasmussen, B., 2015. An Experimental Analysis of the Effects of Non?audit Services on Auditor Independence in Appearance in the European Union: Evidence from Germany. Journal of International Financial Management Accounting, 26(2), pp.150-187.

Haunted House Essay Example

Haunted House Essay The Haunted House It was a house that most people tend not to venture and it gave no indication that anyone should. Its entrance had an old iron gate that creaked from here to heaven. The pavement leading to the house was beginning to crumble from its use over the years. There was a big oak tree at the front that made the house even spookier. We opened the old dirty wooden door and found ourselves in the dark musky living room. It was filled with so much dust and cobwebs that made it almost impossible to breathe. It was furnished with antique furniture that was imported specially for its former owners. Some were covered with sheets while the others showed Just about enough dust to have been from centuries ago. I thought I heard sounds coming from the rooms upstairs so while the others went to see the kitchen I went ahead to explore. The boards on the floor were old and rotting in some areas, so one had to be careful where they placed their feet. As I reached the top stairs I heard the sound again and I knew this time it was not my imagination; it sounded like a baby crying. The sound was coming from the first room on the right. We will write a custom essay sample on Haunted House specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Haunted House specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Haunted House specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Upon opening the door I saw a rocking chair moving back and forth and thinking that someone was playing a prank on me I went forward to see what was causing the chair to move and that was when I saw her. She could not have been more than six years old; she was combing her dolls hair and singing, My bunny lives over the ocean, my bunny lives over the sea, my bunny lives over the water, so bring back my bunny to me. I was thinking to myself and was about to ask ere what was she doing here all alone, when she stood up looked me squarely In the eyes and started coming towards me. She walked straight through me and towards the other room, and that was when I realized that I came In contact with my first ghost. My heart started racing and my pores seemed to have opened up. I woke up minutes later with all my friends present wanting an explanation. When I told them what I saw they all laughed and said Its best If we leave now before she starts freaking out We exited the house and with one final glance I noticed the little girl waving goodbye.

Columbus State University Admission Requirements

Columbus State University Admission Requirements Columbus State University Admissions Overview: Even though a significant percentage of applicants to Columbus State do not get in, admission is not overly selective and most students with decent grades and SAT/ACT scores will be admitted. The Columbus State application gives students an opportunity to explain why they want to attend, but in general admission is not holistic and is based largely on empirical measures such as grades, core courses taken, class rank, and standardized test scores. Admissions Data (2016): Columbus State University Acceptance Rate: 53%Test Scores 25th / 75th PercentileSAT Critical Reading: 430 / 550SAT Math: 430 / 540SAT Writing: - / -What these SAT numbers meanACT Composite: 17  / 23ACT English: 17 / 24ACT Math: 17 / 23ACT Math: - / -What these ACT numbers mean Columbus State University Description: Columbus State University is a four-year, public university located in Columbus, Georgia. The university offers more than 100 majors and academic tracks between the College of the Arts, College of Education and Health Professions, College of Letters and Sciences, Turner College of Business, TSYS School of Computer Science, Schwob School of Music and School of Nursing. Academics are supported by an 18 to 1 student / faculty ratio. Columbus State students stay busy outside of the classroom the university is home to plenty of intramurals, seven fraternities, eight sororities, and more than 110 student clubs and organizations, including the Beyond the Runway club, the American Sign Language club, and the Campus Nerds. On the athletic front, the CSU Cougars compete in the NCAA Division II Peach Belt Conference (PBC) with sports such as men’s and women’s golf, cross country, and tennis. The rifle team competes at the Division I level. The university also offers several club sports including Martial Arts, Shotgun Club, and Bass Fishing. Enrollment (2016): Total Enrollment: 8,407 (6,789 undergraduates)Gender Breakdown: 41% Male / 59% Female71% Full-time Costs (2016 - 17): Tuition and Fees: $6,031 (in-state); $16,605 (out-of-state)Books: $1,270 (why so much?)Room and Board: $10,198Other Expenses: $3,590Total Cost: $21,089  (in-state); $31,663 (out-of-state) Columbus State University Financial Aid (2015- 16): Percentage of New Students Receiving Aid: 92%Percentage of New Students Receiving Types of AidGrants: 81%Loans: 60%Average Amount of AidGrants: $6,354Loans: $5,769 Academic Programs: Most Popular Majors:  Business Administration, Criminal Justice, Early Childhood Education, English, Health Sciences, Nursing, Psychology Transfer, Graduation and Retention Rates: First Year Student Retention (full-time students): 73%Transfer Out Rate: 17%4-Year Graduation Rate: 11%6-Year Graduation Rate: 30% Intercollegiate Athletic Programs: Mens Sports:  Baseball, Golf, Basketball, Tennis, Track and Field, Cross CountryWomens Sports:  Basketball, Softball, Volleyball, Track and Field, Golf, Soccer, Cross Country Data Source: National Center for Educational Statistics If You Like Columbus State, You May Also Like These Schools: University of Georgia: Profile | GPA-SAT-ACT GraphAgnes Scott College: Profile | GPA-SAT-ACT GraphClark Atlanta University: Profile | GPA-SAT-ACT GraphAuburn University: Profile | GPA-SAT-ACT GraphMercer University: Profile | GPA-SAT-ACT GraphAlbany State University: Profile  Valdosta State University: Profile

The Banking Concept of Education Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

The Banking Concept of Education - Essay Example This has not universally been the case, like everyone I have benefited from a wide array of extremely talented teaches who wanted to hear their students ideas, to include their students in discussions and to reinforce to their students that even if they might not have as much academic expertise as their professors, their lived experiences may provide them with valuable insights and render their contributions valuable to any class discussion. But the fact remains that most of my teachers used the banking style of education, and probably though that is the best kind of education. This has affects me in a lot of ways, such as making me not creative and making my critical thinking worse. But by far the most important influence this theory of education has had on me is the fact that it has begun make me oppressive to other people like my teachers were oppressive to me. As mentioned before, oppression makes oppression, and those who have been oppressed kind of naturally let the oppression they have had go through them unless they work very hard to not let that happen. This means that, though I understand when I think about it that the banking theory of education is inherently oppressive, and separates students from educators in a very bad way, there is probably still a large part of me that thinks education looks like the banking theory of education. This also probably means that whenever I get into an education place, I will have to work hard to stop this oppressive theory of education from coming through me, to make sure that whenever I am teaching someone whether as a peer, an educator or just in the world, I recognize the banking theory of education and try to stop it.... This essay approves that the educator does, in this concept, work as a â€Å"depositer† whose role is to deposit information, narratives, and a lot of other things into the students, who function as â€Å"banks† for the depositing. Whichever student â€Å"banks† the best, by memorizing the material given to him or her by the teacher, by being able to â€Å"return† the information to the depositer closest to the way it was inputed, wins, is the best bank and is rewarded. There are obviously lots and lots of problems with this system, and many of them are really bad (such as the objectification of students, the saying the students experiences aren’t valuable, and treating them as having no knowledge in and of themselves and not having anything of value to give to the depositer that they were themselves not first given. Any educator who has studied in the past ten year must inherently understand the problems with this system, and yet people fall back i nto it perpetually. This report makes a conclusion that the banking theory of education still used everywhere, and when most people think of a classroom setting they probably think of the banking theory of education taking place. What this means to people who have been affected by this theory of education is that they must recognize the oppression in it, and work hard to break apart this oppression whenever they enter an educational environment. Anything less will simply mean perpetuating this oppression.

Engineering Behaviour of Perth's Soils Research Paper - 1

Engineering Behaviour of Perth's Soils - Research Paper Example The determination of the engineering behaviour and properties of soil such as its grain size distribution, relative density, angle of repose and permeability is one of the most fundamental aspects of geotechnical engineering. Although most previous researches have focused on in situ determination of soil properties, the current research uses laboratory analysis of soil properties to investigate and the engineering behaviour of soils in Perth area. The experimental approach involved collecting soil samples from four different locations namely, North- Yanchep, West- Scarborough, South- Southern River, and East- Swan Valley. Various soil classification tests such as sieve analysis, relative density, and angle of repose and permeability tests were them performed on the collected in order to determine their compositional properties and engineering behaviour. The results were then analysed and compared to the findings of the literature review in order to effectively predict the engineering behaviour of soils of soils in Perth area. I wish to acknowledge my project supervisor, Professor Sanjay Kumar Shukla for the valuable assistance, suggestions and positive criticism throughout this project. My sincere thanks also go to my lab supervisor, Dr. Mohamed Ismail, for his tireless efforts in helping us succeed in our experimental tasks. Finally, the work presented in this report would not have been possible without the cooperation and invaluable support of my project partner, Chushu Deng. Perth region is vast area located within the expansive Swan coastal plains, which lies between the Indian Ocean and the Darling Scarp in the South Western parts of Western Australia. There exist different types of soils in Perth area with the main types being sandy, clay soils. The Western region of Perth area, particularly towards the coast, is mostly characterized by sandy loam soils. On the other hand, the Eastern sides including the upper Swan to the

SCHOLARLY ETHICAL PAPER Research Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

SCHOLARLY ETHICAL - Research Paper Example These are some of the ethical questions that may confront a nurse and even other health professionals. The ethical goal of a health professional’s practice is to deliver a caring response given an ethical issue or question (Purtilo and Doherty, 2011, p. 25). 2.0. Relevance of the Ethical Issue on the Withdrawal of Life Support System The issue on whether it is ethical for nurses to assist patients or their relatives in the withdrawal of life support systems for patients is highly relevant because the issue is frequently encountered in the setting of terminally ill cancer patients, stroke, heart attacks, and other illnesses where patients can become comatose. In this case, the case for withdrawing the life system can be debated especially if there are no signs that the patient will recover from the situation soon. The ethical issue is also relevant in situations where the patient is terminally ill as determined by a competent medical professional, believed to be without possibi lity of recovery from the standpoint of medical science, and in extreme and serious pain at the same time. Finally, the ethical issue may also be relevant in situations where nobody is footing the bill for the life support system and, yet, the patient does not show signs of recovering from a condition or illness believed to be terminal as determined by a competent medical professional. 3.0. My Argument My argument is for an affirmative response to withdraw the life support system where any of the following applies. Firstly, in situations where the patient is assessed by a competent health professional that he is or she is terminally ill with no bright hope of recovery and in serious in pain. Secondly, where the patient is in coma and there is no indication of recovery from the illness or situation. Thirdly, when the patient is brain-dead, there is no sign that the patient will recover, and that no one is footing the bill for his or her medical expense. The ethical principle or theor y on which I base my perspective is utilitarianism. Utilitarianism â€Å"is the creed which accepts as the foundation of morals, the greatest happiness principle† (Mack, 2004, p. 63). Mack (2004, p. 63) continues that â€Å"it holds that actions are right in proportion to happiness and wrong as they tend to produce the reverse of happiness.† Allowing a person to suffer extreme pain when dying will highly magnify the grief and sufferings not only of his or her loved ones but also of the patient. A person who is brain dead with no likelihood of waking up and surviving produces grief for his or her loved ones. Most likely, if a patient in coma is asked of his or her opinion on his or her situation (situation of prolonged coma and prolong suffering for her loved ones), he or she would vote for the withdrawal of his or her life support system. If nobody is footing the bill for one’s life support system and dying or not waking up is the likely outcome, then it might a lso be better if the life support system of the individual is withdrawn. 4.0. Counter-Argument Those who subscribe to the deontological or duty-oriented theories on ethics will probably oppose my position. According to Edge and Groves (2006, p. 38), â€Å"deontological ethicists feel that the basic rightness or wrongness of an act depend on its intrinsic nature than on the situation or

Role of Consumer Expectations in Economic Policy

Role of Consumer Expectations in Economic Policy BU/12C/BS/0403 Introduction A theme that dominates modern discussions of macro policy is the importance of expectations, and economists have devoted a great deal of thought to expectations and the economy. Change in expectations can shift the aggregate demand (AD) curve; expectations of inflation can cause inflation. For this reason expectations are central to all policy discussions, and what people believe policy will be significantly influences the effectiveness of the policy. Expectations complicate models and policymaking enormously; they change the focus of discussions from a response that can be captured by simple models to much more complicated discussions. The adaptive expectations theory assumes people form their expectations on future inflation on the basis of previous and present inflation rates and only gradually change their expectations as experience unfolds. In this theory, there is a short-run tradeoff between inflation and unemployment which does not exist in the long-run. Any attempt to reduce the unemployment rate blow the natural rate sets in motion forces which destabilize the Phillips Curve and shift it rightward. Under adaptive expectations, forecasts of the future rate of inflation may be right on the money, but they may also exhibit systematic error. When inflation is accelerating, forecasts will tend to be too low. And when inflation is decelerating (that is, disinflation is taking place), then forecasts will tend to be too high. The Rational expectations model was developed by Robert Lucas, rational economic agents are assumed to make the best of all possible use of all publicly available information. Before reaching a conclusion, people are assumed to consider all available information before them, then make informed, rational judgments on what the future holds. This does not mean that every individual’s expectations or predictions about the future will be correct. Those errors that do occur will be randomly distributed, such that the expectations of large numbers of people will average out to be correct. To illustrate, assume the economy has been in an equilibrium state for several years with low inflation and low unemployment. In such a stable environment, the average person would expect the inflation rate to stay where it is indefinitely. But now assume the Central Bank announces it is going to significantly increase the rate of growth of the money supply. Basic economic theory tells us an increase in the money supply will translate into higher prices, such that increasing the annual rate of growth of the money supply should bring about higher inflation rates. Knowing this, consumers will revise their inflationary expectations upward. As this simple example shows, people do not rely only on past experiences to formulate their expectations of the future, as adaptive expectations theory suggests. Rather people use all information available to them in judging what the future will hold. This information can include past data, but it will also include current policy announcements and all other information that give them reason to believe that the future might hold certain changes. If the adaptive expectations are backward looking the rational expectations are forward looking , in that they assume people will use all of the information available to them. Expectations of inflation Some workers may feel cheated by inflation. They might believe that without it, they would experience real-wage increases because their nominal wages are rising 5% a year. Unfortunately, they are wrong. They suffer what some economists call money illusion, a confusion of real and nominal weight. The source of the illusion is as thus; considering real wages are constant, the rise of their nominal wages by 5% is only as a result of the general 5% inflation. Assuming no inflation took place, there will be no increase in their nominal wages. After a time, everyone in the economy will begin to expect that the 5% annual inflation that ensued in the past would continue in the future. Economists refer to this as expectations of inflation. People’s expectations of inflation influences all facets of economic life. For example, in the steady-state economy described previously, textile producers will look forward to increasing the price of their products by 5% for the coming years. They will also expect their costs of steel and labor, for example, to increase the same way. Workers will begin to believe that the increase in their wages will be matched by the same increase in the prices of goods they buy. Also, wages are influenced by expectations. Suppose, for example, that both employers and employees expect 4% inflation in the year coming. Workers will start negotiations from a base of a 4% increase in money wages, which would hold their real wages constant. Firms also may be inclined to begin bargaining by yielding to increase at least 4% in money wages relative to productivity, because they expect that the prices at which they sell their products will rise by 4%. Starting from that base, workers will attempt to obtain some desired increase in their real wages. At this point, such factors as profits and bargaining power become important. The general expectation of some specific inflation rate creates pressure for wages to rise by that rate relative to productivity and, thus, the rise of unit cost at that rate. Inflation expectations and Interest rates When the public expects inflation, real and nominal rates of interest will differ because inflation needs to be accounted for in calculating the real return from lending and borrowing. Have in mind that the nominal interest rate is equal to the real interest rate plus expected inflation rate. If real rate of interest is 2% and inflation is 5% a year, the nominal rate is 7%. Although lenders receive 7% a year on their loans, their real return after inflation rate is just 2%. We know that in the long run the real interest rate does not bank on monetary policy because money is neutral; i.e. the price level is affected by the money supply. However, the nominal rates of interest do bank on monetary policy because the policy influences the rate of inflation, which in the long run is bent on the growth of the money supply. It has been pointed out that countries with greater money growth naturally have higher nominal interest rates than countries with lower money growth rates because they have higher inflation. What this means is that country A and B have the same real rate of interest, but country A has a higher inflation rate, it will also have a higher nominal interest rate. Inflation expectations and money demand The amount of money people want to hold will also be affected by expectations about inflation. If the public expects a 5% inflation a year, then its demand for money will also increase by 5% a year. This is because people know everything will cost 5% more, so they’ll need more money in their possession to pay for the same goods and services. This is an example of the real-nominal principle: As long as the government allows the increase in the supply of money by 5% , the same amount as inflation, the demand for money and supply are both growing at the same rate, real and nominal interest rates will not change. Effects of expectations on changes in future income Todays consumption decisions may depend not only on current income, but also  on the income that one expects to earn in the future. For example, an individual  who is currently not employed but who has a contract to begin a high-paying job  in three months will probably consume more today than another unemployed  individual with no job prospects. To illustrate the effect of changes in expected future income, suppose that  instead of receiving the $6000 bonus during the current year, a consumer learns that  she will receive a $6000 bonus (after taxes) next year. The promise of the bonus is  legally binding, and said consumer has no doubt that extra income will be received  next year. How will this information affect the consumer’s consumption and saving in  the current year? Because current income is unaffected, the consumer could leave her current  consumption and saving unchanged, waiting until the bonus is actually received  to increase her consumption. If her decisions are guided by a consumption-smoothing motive, however, she will prefer to use the bonus to increase her current consumption  as well as her future consumption. She can increase her current consumption, despite the fact that her current income remains unchanged, by reducing her current saving (she could even dissave, or have negative cu rrent saving, with current consumption exceeding current income, by using her accumulated assets or by borrowing). Suppose, for example, that consumer decides to consume $1000 more this year. Because current income is unchanged, the $1000 increase in current consumption is equivalent to a $1000 reduction in current saving. The $ 1000 reduction in current saving will reduce the available resources in the next year, relative to the situation in which her saving is unchanged, by $ 1000 X (1 + r) . For example, if the real interest rate is 0.05, cutting current saving by $1000 reduces the available resources next year by $1000 X 1 .05 == $1050. Overall, her available resources next year will increase by $6000 because of the bonus but will decrease by $1050 because of reduced current saving, giving a net increase in resources of $6000 $1050 == $4950, which can be used to increase consumption next year or in the following years. Effectively, the consumer can use the increase in her expec ted future income to increase consumption both in the present and in the future. To summarize, an increase in an individuals expected future income is likely to lead that person to increase current consumption and decrease current saving. The same result applies at the macroeconomic level: If people expect that aggregate output and income, Y, will be higher in the future, current desired consumption, cd, should increase and current desired national saving, sd, should decrease. Economists cant measure expected future income directly, so how do they  take this variable into account when predicting consumption and saving behavior? One approach is to survey consumers and ask them about their expectations. Their  answers can be useful for assessing developments in the macroeconomy.   In conclusion, The central role of expectations means that there is a great deal of uncertainty in the economy. Put simply: What people believe plays a central role in how they react to policy. Expectations can change the effect of a policy. Most discussion of policy today assumes that people are forward looking, that they think strategically, and that they base their actions on expected policy actions. Thus in some way their expectations are rational. But modern policy discussion is also built on the belief that the economy is complicated and that many possible expectations are rational. This includes adaptive expectations and combinations of expectations strategies. What the above assumptions mean in terms of policy is that depending on the beliefs that individuals hold, monetary and fiscal policy will work in different ways. People aren’t stupid and they aren’t super intelligent; they are people. If the government uses an activist monetary and fiscal policy in a predictable way, people will eventually come to build that expectation into their behavior. If the government bases its prediction of the effect of policy on past experience, that prediction will likely be wrong. But government never knows when expectations will change. Let’s consider an example. Say that everyone expects government to run expansionary fiscal policy if the economy is in recession. In the absence of any expected policy response from the government, people will lower their prices when they see a recession coming. Expecting government expansionary policy, however they won’t lower their price. Thus, the expectation of policy can create its own problems. References: Advanced Macro Economics, Romer, 2011; Slavin S., Macro Economics, 2009; A Century of Economic Theory. Mankiw, Mcroeconomics, Aggregate Supply and the Short-Run Tradeoff Between Inflation and Unemployment: Business Cycle Theory: The Economy in the Short Run   Rittenberg Tregarthen Micheal Rousakis, uni of warwick, economics and fluctuations: the role of monetary policy, 2012 Froyen, Macroeconomics Weil, Economic Growth

The Etiology of Addiction Disease Model Essay examples -- Addiction Dr

Addiction is like all behaviours â€Å"the business of the brain†. Addictions are compulsive physical and psychological needs from habit-forming sustenances like nicotine, alcohol, and drugs. Being occupied with or involved in such activities, leads a person who uses them again and again to become tolerant and dependent eventually experiencing withdrawal. (Molintas, 2006). Addictive drugs cause dopamine neurons to release dopamine, the pleasure hormone. The narcotics disable the neurons that would usually keep the dopamine neurons in check; becoming over stimulated. Endorphins are produced and released within the brain, creating a high and reinforcing the individual’s positive associations with the activity. Hence â€Å"the rush† (Molintas, 2006) Considering alcohol, alcoholic beverages have been a part of this nation`s past since the Pilgrims landed (David Capuzzi, 2008, p. 4). Early colonists had a high regard for alcoholic beverages because alcohol was believed to be a healthy substance with preventative and curative capabilities rather than as an intoxicant. (David Capuzzi, 2008, p. 4) Alcohol was the â€Å"centerpiece† in taverns throughout the colonies. The production and consumption of alcohol caused enough concern to precipitate several versions of the `temperance ‘movement, which was developed to encourage people to refrain from the use of distilled spirits. Their goal was the replacement of excessive drinking with more moderate and socially approved levels of drinking (David Capuzzi, 2008, p. 4). In the early 1800`s, clergy took the position that alcohol could corrupt both the mind and body (David Capuzzi, 2008, p. 4). Throughout history, humans have used drugs to achieve desired changes of experiences. Even ancient warriors â€Å"... ...rator, can deny responsibility by claiming a lack of control caused by drugs or alcohol. It remains valid that drug and alcohol abuse are common characteristics of all forms of violence (Wallace, 2008, p. 19). Works Cited David Capuzzi, M. D. (2008). Foundations of Addictions Counselling. Boston: Pearson Education, Inc. Molintas, D. (2006, November 26). Addictions. Retrieved from Anatomy of Addictions: www.pcij.org/i-report/2006/addictions.html Stanton Peele. (1988). Major Contemporay Perspectives on Addiction and Alcoholism. New York, NY: Macmillian, Inc. UnKnown. (2011, January 7). Is Alcoholism a Disease? Retrieved January 7, 2011, from Alcohol and Drug Guide.com: www.alcohol-and-drug-guide.com/alcoholism-disease-model.html Wallace, H. (2008). Family Violence Legal, Medical, and Social Perspectives - Fifth Edition. Boston, MA: Pearson Education Inc.

Learning Team Deliverables Essay

Organizational culture consists of different traditional ways, values, and certain beliefs when setting out the rules for making a decision, power, and formation of a company. The organizational culture focuses more on leadership values. Culture determines the way we as people handle business and also for one’s own success. By having a structured organizational culture, it allows the employees to feel that if they do what is right, they will be rewarded for their actions. The following paragraphs will discuss the impact of leadership and the mores of senior management and how they affect both the culture and the application of power. We as a group have chosen a law firm as the â€Å"model† company. Coercive Power Coercive power is a form of manipulation used on employees to bring about a sense of fear. Employees conform to coercive powers for fear of retaliation. Coercive power in the long run can lead to character flaws amongst employees. Law firms that use coercive powers are usually only concerned with short term goals. Coercion used long term can cause dissatisfied partners’ performance to drop. Partners may eventually end up leaving the organization because they feel nothing good is going to happen for them. For instance, peer pressure at a law partnership could be a form of coercion to gain a unanimous decision regarding financial decisions. Long term affect could lead to the partnership being resolved due to one of the partners’ dissatisfaction in the ways things are going. Reward Power Law Partners who conform to the rules to receive positive benefits for their efforts enjoy reward power. Law Partners enjoy reward power since it allows them to control negative repercussions by doing well. Partnerships use reward power to help encourage partners to perform high and meet the firm’s goal. For example, bonuses given at the end of each year could motivate all partners to do well. Reward powers usually benefits all parties involved. Legitimate Power The most common access to one or more of the power bases is legitimate power. â€Å"Legitimate power represents the formal authority to control and use organizational resources based on structural position in the organization.† (Stephen P. Robbins, Timothy A. Judge, 2011) In a law firm, that structure is driven by the board of directors, then to the partners. Those that are lawyers are submissive to the partners in hopes to become one someday themselves. We associate power with hierarchy, so employees infer leaders as powerful and comply when an executive order is placed. Although, legitimate power is the most recognized, having expert power is just as powerful. Expert Power In any organization, most of the time employees are easily replaced. If one provides the same service or acting task in a like manner as their counterpart, then replacing them is not that difficult. However, having a niche that is not easily replaced provides expert power. Expert power is the ability to provide an expertise and the respect and admiration of others. In a law firm, the knowledge of being able to defend or represent the firm in a way that is beyond the ability of others creates an expert power that will buy you life in the firm. Since law firms are all about winning their cases, the more one brings to the table, the better the opportunity of becoming partner. Referent power Referent power in any organization allows an individual to be considered for hire or a current employee to receive warranted or unwarranted compensation for their contribution to the entity. Referent power in a Law Partnership can assist in an employee becoming Partner of the firm. Rewards incurred from this power are influenced by interactions and the ability to relate to others. This power has been stated to hold more weight due to its intimacy. It has been directly correlated with positive performance, satisfied employees and the organization knowingly aware of an employee’s commitment and contribution to the organization. The use of the five power bases in a Law Partnership is commonplace. However, in order for the firm to be successful, the board of directors and partners must possess strong leadership skills, and abide by an even stronger code of ethics when exerting their powers. Leaders of the partnership use their reward and  legitimate authority to motivate others, encouraging growth, and further development of skills. Expertise is used to contribute to the growth of the firm, and not used as a ransom for personal gain. In addition, a strong sense of values in leaders of the firm will bring about an atmosphere of respect and trust, thus upper levels of the partnership use reference and personal influence within ethical confines. The use of all power bases for individual gain will not bring about sustainable growth and should be avoided. Furthermore, use of coercion power will create fear and distrust, and if the other powers are also being misused, partnership’s culture can be affected stress, lack of motivation, loss of staff, and corruption, and even b etrayal. References Schermerhorn, J. R., Hunt, J. G., & Osborn, R. N. (2005). Organizational Behavior (9th ed.). Retrieved from https://ecampus.phoenix.edu/content/eBookLibrary2/content/TOC.aspx?assetid=bb2bb7b2-43f9-41d6-af58-cf49682ce588&assetmetaid=20a7c5ea-8d61-49ba-b292-5374bc15903f. Stephen P. Robbins, Timothy A. Judge. 14th ed. (2011). University of Phoenix website. Retrieved May 1, 2014 from https://newclassroom3.phoenix.edu

Drug Legalization in the United States Essay

Abstract This paper will explore four websites and one online newspaper addressing the subject of drug trafficking in the United States and why legalization is a profitable alternative. The various ways drugs are bought into the country, information on how and why drug trafficking has increased in the United States, statistics on the number of people that are addicts, and the problems related to foreign countries on this issue. The reasons why illicit drugs should be legalized and what the income from the taxation from them could do to better our health care reform and our economy. Keywords: drug trafficking, economy, legalization Drug Legalization in the United States Illegal drugs are exports and deported out if our country everyday by different groups such as high profile criminal gangs or groups such as the cartel. Law enforcement has yet found a suitable way in controlling the war on drugs and have in past years, up until now, have made and passed bills and policies within the government that has made it worse. The legalization of illicit drugs, such as marijuana, would dramatically save, if not make our country more money.The Department of Justice reports the trafficking of drugs has increased in the United States (2012). Criminal groups from other countries, such as Mexican, Cuban, and Asian, including the groups in our country, grow, manufacturer, and distribute marijuana and other illicit drugs. Meth being in such high demand, leads to the growing number of addicts. Domestic cannabis growers and producers provide marijuana as easy completion for such drugs such as cocaine, LSD, and heroine. Since the price of the final product increases to abnormally high values, because of the black market status, this together with the powerful effects of drug addiction causes users to commit crimes in order to fund their addiction. The ways that illicit drugs are brought in to the country are by passenger ships at United States ports and shipping containers, criminal groups operating from South America smuggling cocaine and heroin in the United States. Self-propelled semisubmersible vessels are maritime vessels used by traffickers to transport illicit drugs. These vessels typically protrude only a few inches above the surface of the water, making them very difficult to detect visually. SPSS’s typically have a four-man crew and are capable of carrying multiton quantities of cocaine. The primary threat from drug smuggling via private vessels is from Caribbean-based traffickers exploiting the Puerto Rico and Florida coastlines. Traffickers transported mostly cocaine from the Dominican Republic to Puerto Rico, although they smuggled lesser amounts of heroin, sometimes combined with cocaine loads. Caribbean traffickers also smuggled cocaine, heroin, and marijuana from the Bahamas to areas of South Florida bet ween Miami and Palm Beach. Seizure totals and routes remained relatively constant compared with those of previous years. These routes have been opened and used frequently since the 1970’s. Traffickers used private maritime vessels to smuggle drugs into the United States during 2009 through Puerto Rico, South Florida, South Texas, and southern California, and Mexican DTOs sometimes smuggle drugs by maritime means to avoid law enforcement scrutiny along the Southwest Border. According to Drug Addiction Facts and Statistics, the statistics on the number of addicts that we have in the United States are also growing rapidly. These numbers are solely based on the harsher illicit drugs such as heroin and cocaine. â€Å"2010 estimated 22.6 million Americans over the age of 12 that were currently or formally illicit drug users are equivalent to about 8.9% of the population† Over 6 million children in the United States live with at least one parent with a drug problem. Since the 1980’s the numbers of people that used illicit drugs that ended death either by overdose or some other type of reaction has risen to over 540%. A 1996 U.S. government study claims that heavy marijuana use may impair learning ability. The key words are heavy use and may. This claim is based on studying people who use marijuana daily–a sample that represents less than 1 percent of all marijuana users. This study concluded: 1) Learning impairments cited were subtle, minimal, and may be temporary. In other words, there is little evidence that such learning impairments even exist. 2) Long-term memory was not affected by heavy marijuana use. 3) Casual marijuana users showed no signs of impaired learning. 4) Heavy alcohol use was cited as being more detrimental to the thought and learning process than heavy marijuana use. (2012). Drug raids in the United States happen on the average of hundreds of times a day. The policies are a lot more dangerous and dramatic then public use of drugs. These policies harm not just families of the users and dealers, but the neighbors and general public that surround them. It has been known that law enforcement has gotten wrong addresses, and bad leads to help them follow through enforcement. Drug task force units have their equipment such as big guns and bullet proof amour, for their defense, but to a child of the suspect, it can seem very intimidating and scary. This also has been known as traumatizing to the youth and families involved. It has also been classified as terrorizing. This is not what these policies were set out to do. Prohibition on illicit drugs brings more gang violence, murder, and violence from dealers, users, children, families, and law enforcement made to enforce policies. There are approximately 17.4 million users of marijuana between 2007 through to 2010 . The numbers increased to 6.9% up from 5.8% or 14.4 million to 17.4 million users. â€Å"To allow policy experimentation, the federal government should permit states to legalize the production, sales, taxation, and consumption of marijuana. While testing this policy shift, authorities should redirect scarce law enforcement resources to focus on the more damaging and socially unacceptable drugs such as heroin, cocaine and meth. From which Mexican drug trafficking organizations derive more than 70% of their proceeds (Moffat, 2012). Replacing marijuana prohibition with a system of taxation and regulation similar to that used for alcoholic beverages would produce combined savings and tax revenues of between $10 billion and $14 billion per year. The revenue from marijuana sales after legalizing for the government could be lucrative. If the tax of marijuana cigarettes was substituted for equal to the difference between the local production cost and the street price currently paid, transfer the revenue from the crime groups to the government, we would have revenue of abo ut $7 per unit. This adds up to over $2 billion on the Canadian sales and even more on an export tax then we can forgo the cost of enforcement and deploy our policy assets elsewhere. By providing legal supplies of currently illegal drugs the price will fall, leading to a collapse in the illegal drug industry, and a reduction in crimes committed by both drug suppliers and users. Some could also argue that the reduction in the price will lead to little, if any, growth in drug addiction, due to the inelasticity of demand. In a strictly regulated market, drug use may fall overall, by removing the marketing activities of the illegal drug industry. There are a growing number of law enforcement professionals speaking out for legalization. LEAP (Law Enforcement against Prohibition) is an international organization founded in 2002 made up of current and former members of the law enforcement and criminal justice communities who are speaking out about the failures of our existing drug policies. According to Betty Taylor, former Chief of Police of Winfield, MO and a speaker for LEAP (Law Enforcement against Prohibition) â€Å"If you can’t control the problem then regulate it. Regardless of law enforcement expenditures, the negative effects of prohibition include violence and other criminal activity† (Bozarth, 2012). The prohibition of marijuana is taking away from our economy in many different ways, such as financially. It is also taking our law enforcement officials away from being able to enforce the more dangerous crimes such as murder and enforce the policies of the more dangerous drugs such as cocaine and heroin. Taxes from the product can bring in more revenue and create another cash crop for farmers to contribute to the economy and also help with drug care reform in making a prescription drug that is affordable and easily acquired. These things are beneficiary to our country as long as it is monitored and maintained by its own policies put in place by ou r government. References DEA Briefs & Background, Drugs and Drug Abuse, Drug Descriptions, Drug Trafficking in the United States. (n.d.). Welcome to the United States Department of Justice. Retrieved March 5, 2012, from http://www.justice.gov/dea/concern/drug_trafficking.html Drug Addiction Facts and Statistics. (n.d.). http://www.michaelshouse.com. Retrieved March 5, 2012, from http://www.michaelshouse.com/drug-addiction/drug-addiction-statistics/ Law Enforcement Against Prohibition. (n.d.). Retrieved March 5, 2012, from www.CopsSayLegalizeDrugs.com Moffatt, M. (n.d.). Should Governments Legalize and Tax Marijuana?. About.com. Retrieved March 5, 2012, from http://economics.about.com/od/incometaxestaxcuts/a/marijuana.htm Bozarth, M. (2012, 02 23). LEAP Helps Launch Marijuana Initiative. http://stjtelegraph.org/. Retrieved March 5, 2012, from stjtelegraph.org/wp-content/uploads/2012/02/stjtelegraph-23-08_all.pdf

Agendas of the US House of Representatives and Senate

Agendas of the US House of Representatives and Senate The House of Representatives and the Senate make up the two â€Å"chambers† of the Legislative Branch of the United States federal government. Their daily agendas of legislative business are determined by their presiding officers. In the House of Representatives, the Speaker of the House sets the daily agenda, while the Senate’s legislative calendar is set by the Senate majority leader in consultation with the chairmen and ranking members of the various Senate committees. 116th U.S.Congress, 1st Session Agenda items listed here are those published in the Daily Digest of the Congressional Record. The agendas are subject to change at any time at the discretion of the presiding officers. House Agenda for August 2, 2019:  Ã‚  House will meet in Pro Forma session. Note: The rules of suspensions is a shortcut in the legislative process allowing bills with little or no opposition to be grouped together on a Suspensions Calendar and passed en-masse by a voice vote without debate. There is no corresponding rule of suspensions in the Senate. House Roll Call Votes as compiled and reported by the Clerk of the House. Political Makeup of the House 235 Democrats - 199 Republicans - 0 Independents - 1 Vacancy   Senate Agenda for August 2, 2019:   Senate will meet in Pro Forma session   Political Makeup of the Senate 53 Republicans - 45 Democrats - 2 Independents Also See: Quick Study Guide to the US CongressWhat is a Pro Forma Session of Congress?The Supermajority Vote in Congress

Constructions of childhood and western ideologies of street children Literature review

Constructions of childhood and western ideologies of street children - Literature review Example Being a child on and of the streets may be different in one aspect, but long term results of the situation is equally harmful as it touches issues on child labor and children’s health. Childhood for Street Children Before identifying the possible consequences of being one of the street children, it is important to internalize the meaning of childhood as a phase and the expected characteristics of ‘normal’ children. According to Glasper and Richardson (2006, p. 298), childhood refers to the earlier phase of a person’s life under 18 years or before reaching young adulthood. Aside from underdeveloped physical qualities which are subject to change as they grow older, children are expected to love play as a usual activity. According to Ginsburg (2007, p. 183), play is important in childhood development because it allows children â€Å"to use their creativity while developing their imagination, dexterity, and physical, cognitive, and emotional strength.† I n other words, play would develop a child’s cognitive skills and tolerance towards unexpected events such as losing in a game and being sport about it. In the United Kingdom, The Children’s Act of 1989 serves as guidelines in which the rights of the child are protected and sustained through the regulations promoted by the Parliament. The legislation encompassed the responsibilities of both the authorities and the parents or guardians. It is ensured that the act â€Å"protect[s] children from the harm which arises from family breakdown or abuse within the family,† however still respecting family lives and avoids â€Å"unnecessary intervention† (The Children's Act 1989. (c.1)). How ever the law protects the children, it is still indefinite if it can really protect their absolute population. Deprivation of basic needs would force underprivileged children to see the public street as a new place in which they can sustain themselves. The history of the lives of the street children can be traced from the nineteenth century onwards, since the growth of the industrial market. Especially in Britain's northern and midland counties, â€Å"child cruelty† was at its peak which gave inspiration to the formation of legislations protecting children’s rights (Shore, 2009, p. 563). The difficulty of their parents to provide them with proper nourishment encouraged these children to be on the streets to start looking for meager amount of money. Lemba (2002, p. 1) of the United Nation Children’s Emergency Fund (UNICEF) reported that most street children are found in the â€Å"market, bars, shopping centers, bus stations, and parks.† Most of these children have minimal or no contact at all with their family. Such descriptions would lead to the definition of street children as: â€Å"children less than 18 years old, males or females, who spend all or most of their time on the streets who maintain minimal contact with their fami lies resulting to lack of supervision, protection or guidance which makes them vulnerable to hazards.† (Ali, n.d., p. 7) Wernham (2004) cited two categories of street children of which she called as children on the street and children of the street. The slight difference of the two phrases is significant in developing further the definition of

The qualities of the hero and antihero Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

The qualities of the hero and antihero - Essay Example Playing the hero, Indiana Jones is an idealist. He starts a principled journey against the powerful Nazis and their leader Adolf Hitler in search of the Ark of the Pledge. Indy stands up to bad guys, Nazi thugs, who are determined to acquire the ark. He sacrificed himself against great odds. For instance he compromised his distress of snake in order to acquire the ark. Indiana role as a hero also demonstrates when he rescues Marion and reclaims the ark from Belloq and the Dietrich. Jones is always pro-active and makes effective decisions. For instance, when he surrenders rather than destroy the ark, an important historical artifact, now in the possession of Belloq. Indiana always succeeded in his goals, which is a true definition of a hero. He managed to keep the agreement out of the reach of the Nazis. Playing the role of an anti-hero in the movie Payback, Mel Gibson (Porter) is a realist. Porter is a criminal: a killer, a thief, a thug, a gambler, a cheater, and a liar. He murdered many, including Resnick and Philip. Self-interest drives him as shown when he narrated; he had $70,000 robbed from him, and that is what he desires to get back The heroism in him demonstrates through the vengeance mentality. He stands up to authority in tracking the money that had passed into the hands of "the Outfit". In order to reach Resnick, the Porter first dealt with Arthur Stegman, the Chinese trios, crime bosses from the Outfit, and the unethical police detectives Leary an d Hicks. Most notably as an antihero, Porter eventually fails in his goal of reclaiming the money. Harrison Ford depicted as Indiana Jones is evidently a masculine character. Indiana shows heroism through the enormous resources he possesses for the use of the gun, fists and whip when relevant. Indiana also demonstrates the character of a rebel. In a general view, Indiana